An Evaluation of Online Pragmatic Strategies in Nigerian Social Media: A Case Study of WhatsApp and Facebook
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Background of the study
Pragmatic strategies, which encompass the use of linguistic cues to manage conversation and express attitudes, are vital in digital communication. In Nigerian social media, platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook exhibit distinct pragmatic practices. WhatsApp chats, characterized by their immediacy and intimacy, frequently employ informal markers, abbreviations, and emoticons to convey tone and manage interpersonal relationships. In contrast, Facebook posts and comments tend to incorporate more elaborate pragmatic markers, including discourse connectors and nuanced punctuation, to navigate public discourse (Ibrahim, 2024). These differences reflect the unique affordances and social contexts of each platform. By analyzing communication on WhatsApp and Facebook, this study aims to compare online pragmatic strategies in Nigerian digital discourse. It will explore how factors such as audience, context, and technological constraints shape the deployment of pragmatic markers, ultimately influencing digital interaction and meaning negotiation (Adeola, 2023; Obi, 2025).
Statement of the problem
While pragmatic strategies are essential for effective online communication, there is limited comparative research on how they vary between platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook in Nigeria. Existing studies often focus on one platform at a time, ignoring the interplay of context-specific pragmatic practices. This gap restricts our understanding of how digital environments influence language use and hinders the development of comprehensive models to support language instruction and policy adaptation (Chinwe, 2023).
Objectives of the study
• To identify key pragmatic markers on WhatsApp and Facebook.
• To compare the use of these markers across platforms.
• To propose models for digital pragmatic communication.
Research questions
• What pragmatic strategies are employed on WhatsApp versus Facebook?
• How do platform features influence these strategies?
• What are the implications for effective online communication?
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it evaluates pragmatic strategies in Nigerian social media, offering insights into how digital contexts shape language use. The findings will support sociolinguistic theory and inform educational and policy initiatives aimed at adapting to evolving digital communication trends (Ibrahim, 2024; Obi, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study
The study focuses on WhatsApp and Facebook posts by Nigerian users, excluding other platforms and offline interactions.
Definitions of terms
• Pragmatic Strategies: Techniques used to convey meaning beyond literal language.
• Digital Communication: Interaction through online platforms.
• Pragmatic Markers: Linguistic cues that manage conversation and express attitudes.
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